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Antibodies and antigens

Antibodies and antigensThe immune system produces antibodies when the body detects harmful elements, called antigens. An antigen is a substance foreign to the body’s immune system recognizes as a threat. Some examples of antigens are toxins from bacteria and viruses , as well as external chemicals harmful to health. When the body detects antigens induces an immune response with antibody formation, as a defense. Antibodies, also called immunoglobulins, are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize these foreign substances. Synthesize antibodies of a type of white blood cells called B lymphocytes

The structure of all antibodies principal is very similar, are composed of a protein with a typical Y-shaped But in the end have a small region of the protein that is highly variable (in the drawing in blue). This allows a large variability, so that the immune system is able to create millions of different antibodies, each with a slightly different end. This part of the protein is called a hypervariable region. Each of these variations of antibody can bind to an antigen different. When an antibody recognizes an antigen binds to the complementary and marks to be attacked by other immune system cells. These antigen-antibody complexes are phagocytized by leukocytes granulocyte type. The great diversity of antibodies that can make our body is due to random combinations of a set of genes that encode the different sites of antibody binding to antigens. These mutated genes also random, which creates an even greater diversity. immunological memory and how vaccines work B lymphocytes are of two types: 1) those who are responsible for producing antibodies to fight infection, and 2) the remain in the body for years as part of immune memory. These enable the immune system remember the antigen and respond faster to the future presence of the harmful agent. The vaccines are based on the ability of our body.

Parents abusing anti-inflammatory and analgesic

The fear of fever among parents has increased in recent years, which has increased the abuse of anti-inflammatory and painkillers (NSAIDs), warns the Madrid Pediatric Group Continuing Education (GRUPEMA), which has organized a round table bioregulator Medicine in Pediatrics. “The parents and pediatricians there is some fever phobia when it is a defense mechanism against infection and in most cases, fortunately, are banal processes that can be solved with hydration and homeopathic compounds or bio, which stimulate the defenses “said the doctor Beatriz Real GRUPEMA representative.

This is confirmed by a study published by the Intensive Care Unit of Hospital De Navarre in the Journal of Nursing, in which it was concluded that “parents of young children, between 0 and 3 years, and health professionals face a fear exaggerated about fever and its complications, this fear is the source of many false beliefs and attitudes about how to manage and treat the fever. “

These false beliefs are common, according to a study published this October in the Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, which reveals that 84% of parents believe that if your child is not treated will suffer fever seizures and 10.5% brain damage. Misconceptions grow as the educational level is lower. However, parents are more educated more likely to easily manage NSAIDs to reduce fever (antipyretics), concludes a Swedish study published last June in the journal Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. Read the rest of this entry »

Investigate less invasive methods for detection of colon cancer

colon cancerTwo teams of researchers are experimenting with methods more accurate and less invasive for the detection of colon cancer, reported the University of Michigan (UM).

The professor of internal medicine and biomedical engineering at UM, Thomas D. Wang, did research, recorded this week in the journal Nature Medicine, reveals a new technique that could detect colon cancer.

The method includes the topical application of a peptide labeled with a fluorescent agent. The peptide is designed to identify pre-cancerous changes in the colon. Then, using a special microscope that fits inside a standard medical endoscope, the physician can detect these lesions.

“There has been a huge effort to get to screening patients for polyps that can be seen with a white light endoscope,” Wang said. Read the rest of this entry »

Medical Furniture with Promotal

Promotal expert medical furniture for over 40 years, has selected a range of upholstery colors “in the zeitgeist.”

3 collections: Classic, Trendy and Basic for a wide range of colors.
Not to mention the colors of the stars range Rutter / MID-MARK to match the medical equipment with movable Promotal MID-MARK.

Change medical and sofa color consultant Promotal new colors.